Any site you visit, book you read, or gardener you talk to will most probably give you the same tip: when it comes to container gardening, you have to make sure that you provide your plants with good drainage. Drainage for potted plants is very important.

Now, what does good drainage mean and what role does it play?

Why is drainage important for container plants?

Plant drainage refers to the holes at the bottom of your pots that are necessary for 3 main reasons: 1) they allow excess water to drain through, 2) they provide better air movement, and 3) they help flush salt away from the soil. Without these holes, water will not have a chance to escape from the container at all, in short, water will remain stagnant. We don’t want that, especially for your plants. Not only does stagnant water attract unwanted pests, but it also causes your plants to drown due to the lack of air circulation, then leading to root rot—a seemingly irreversible condition for any plant.

To keep it short and simple, since container plants are more susceptible to drowning and suffocation, failure to provide plant drainage for your container plants would guarantee nothing good but early passing for your plants.

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What to do when your container does not have a hole?

With container gardening, you can use just about any container you can find at home. However, the problem with upcycling is that these things aren’t specifically designed to be used as planters, therefore, they don’t always come with the necessary holes. But, you can easily fix this by simply drilling holes on them yourself — be sure not to make them too small nor too big, about 1/4 inch in diameter should be enough.

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How to make drainage holes for your container plants

Suppose your container plants need drainage holes. In that case, it is important to create them to ensure proper drainage and prevent waterlogging. Here are some steps to make drainage holes for your container plants:

1. Choose the right container: Select a suitable container for the plant you want to grow with enough space for drainage holes. Plastic or clay pots work well for this.
2. Determine the number and size of holes: The number and size of holes you need will depend on the size of the container and the type of plant you are growing. You should have one drainage hole for every six inches of pot diameter. The holes should be at least a quarter inch in diameter.
3. Mark the location of the holes: Use a marker or pencil to mark the location of the holes on the bottom of the container. You can place the holes evenly around the center or make one larger hole in the center.
4. Make the holes: If you are using a drill, start with a small bit and gradually increase the size until the holes are the desired size. If you are using a hammer, tap the nail through the bottom of the container at the marked location.
5. Clean up any rough edges: After making the holes, use a file or sandpaper to smooth out any rough edges on the inside and outside of the container. This will help prevent the roots from becoming damaged by any sharp edges.

Following these steps, you can easily create drainage holes for your container plants, ensuring proper drainage and promoting healthy growth.

Next step: Cover the holes

After finally providing the needed holes, the next thing on your list must be to cover them—of course, not totally, just enough to keep the soil in while still allowing water to escape.

This step may be quite tricky, but the concept is simple: find materials that won’t completely block the drainage holes.

Several options include:

• Paper
• Mesh screen
• Coconut fibers
• Broken pottery

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Very important tips

• Ensuring good drainage does not stop right after you secure the drainage holes. You should know that the soil you use also plays a great factor in providing your plant with good drainage. Using heavy soil like garden soil will eventually compact and block the air pockets as you water your plants, causing their roots to choke and suffocate. Instead, the best way is to use potting soil, which is a lot lighter and more container-friendly.
• Make sure to clean your container holes thoroughly from time to time and ensure that these holes aren’t completely blocked in any way possible.

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Drainage for potted plants

Proper drainage is essential for potted plants as it helps to prevent waterlogged soil, which can lead to root rot and other issues. Here are some tips for ensuring good drainage for your potted plants:

• Choose the right pot: Make sure the pot has drainage holes in the bottom to let excess water escape.
• Use the right soil: Use a high-quality potting mix formulated for your specific type of plant. This will help ensure good drainage and prevent the soil from becoming too compacted.
• Add drainage material: To improve drainage, add a layer of drainage material to the bottom of the pot before adding soil. This can be things like gravel, sand, or perlite.
• Water properly: Water your plants thoroughly but allow the excess water to drain out of the bottom of the pot. Do not let the pot sit in a saucer of water, as this can lead to waterlogged soil.
• Monitor soil moisture: Check the soil regularly to ensure it is not too wet or too dry. A general rule of thumb is to water. When the top inch of soil seems dry to the touch, water only then.

These tips can help ensure that your potted plants have good drainage and stay healthy

How to assure adequate drainage

Assuring adequate drainage is important to prevent overwatering, waterlogged soil, and other problems that can harm your plants. Here are some tips to ensure adequate drainage:

1. Use pots with drainage holes: When selecting pots for your plants, choose the ones with drainage holes in the bottom. This lets excess water drain out of the soil.
2. Choose the right potting mix: Use a high-quality potting mix that promotes good drainage. These mixes typically contain materials like peat moss, vermiculite, and perlite, which help create air spaces in the soil and allow water to drain.
3. Add drainage material: To further promote drainage, you can add a layer of drainage material, such as gravel or sand, to the bottom of the pot. This creates space for water to drain out of the soil and helps prevent waterlogging.
4. Water properly: When watering, make sure to water deeply enough that water comes out of the drainage holes in the base of the pot. This guarantees that excess water is removed from the soil.
5. Monitor soil moisture: Check the soil regularly to ensure it’s not too wet or too dry. Stick your finger into the soil to test the moisture level. When the top inch of soil seems dry to the touch, water only then.
6. Adjust pot size: Consider the size of your plant and the size of the pot it is in. The soil may become compacted and reduce drainage if the pot is too small. If the pot is too large, it may retain too much water, causing waterlogging.

By following these tips, you can ensure adequate plant drainage and help them grow healthy and strong.

How does soil impact drainage in container plants

Soil plays a crucial role in drainage in container plants. The type of soil you use can greatly impact the ability of water to drain through and out of the container. Here are some ways that soil affects drainage in container plants:

1. Soil texture: The texture of the soil can impact drainage. Soils with smaller particles, such as clay, hold water for long periods and are more prone to waterlogging. On the other hand, soils with larger particles, such as sand, promote better drainage and may dry out more quickly.
2. Organic matter content: The amount of organic matter in the soil can also impact drainage. Soils with a high percentage of organic matter, such as peat moss, can hold onto moisture for extended periods and may impede drainage. On the other hand, soils with a low percentage of organic matter, such as sandy soil, may dry out more quickly and promote better drainage.
3. Soil compaction: Compacted soil can impede drainage by limiting the space for water to move through. This can happen when soil is not aerated correctly or becomes too dense over time. To prevent soil compaction, it’s important to use a high-quality potting mix and avoid over-packing the soil.
4. Soil pH: The pH of the soil can impact drainage by affecting how well nutrients are absorbed by the plant roots. Which can lead to poor growth and drainage problems.

Selecting the right type of soil and ensuring it’s properly aerated and not too compacted. You can promote good drainage in your container plants and help them grow healthy and strong.

Drainage isn’t going to help if the plant is consistently overwatered

You are absolutely right. While proper drainage is important for container plants, more is needed to prevent damage if the plant is consistently overwatered. Overwatering can render the soil waterlogged and compacted, leading to poor drainage and a lack of oxygen in the root zone. This can cause root rot, nutrient deficiencies, and other problems that can harm the plant.

To avoid overwatering, keep an eye on the soil’s moisture level and only water when the top inch of the soil feels dry. This will help prevent waterlogging and ensure the plant has access to the right moisture.

Additionally, it’s important to choose the right type of container and soil for your plant’s needs. Some plants prefer containers with more significant drainage, while others prefer to be planted in heavier, water-retaining soil. Understanding your plant’s needs and selecting the right growing conditions can help prevent overwatering and promote healthy growth.

In summary, while proper drainage is important for container plants, it’s only one aspect of a healthy growing environment. Avoiding overwatering and understanding your plant’s needs can help prevent damage and promote healthy growth.

What is root rot

Root rot is a fungal disease that can affect plants when the roots become waterlogged and lack proper drainage. The excess water in the soil creates a low-oxygen environment that can promote the growth of root rot fungi, which attack and kill the plant roots. Over time, this can cause the plant to wilt, become stunted, or die.

Root rot can affect many plants, but it is particularly common in container plants. Where drainage could be better, or the potting mix retains more moisture. It can also occur in outdoor plants planted in poorly drained soil, areas with heavy rainfall, or over-irrigation.

Root rot symptoms include yellowing or browning of leaves, wilting, stunted growth, and root decay. To confirm if your plant has root rot, gently remove it from its container and check the roots for a brown, mushy, or slimy appearance.

Preventing root rot involves providing proper drainage and allowing the soil to dry out partially between waterings. Choosing a well-draining potting mix, selecting the right container size, and ensuring adequate airflow around the plant can also help prevent root rot. Additionally, removing any affected plant material and treating the soil with a fungicide may help prevent the disease’s further spread.

Sources:

• https://donotdisturbgardening.com/good-drainage-in-pots-do-not-use-rocks-and-root-rot-explained/
• https://www.thespruce.com/watering-and-drainage-in-dontainer-gardens-847774
• https://positivebloom.com/root-rot-symptoms/
• https://www.necps.org/save-your-christmas-cactus-identifying-and-treating-rotted-roots/
• https://donotdisturbgardening.com/good-drainage-in-pots-do-not-use-rocks-and-root-rot-explained/